Effects of Facebook on Youth

Facebook is a viral social networking site among youth and, in fact, it has become so much a part of their lives that they can learn others’ life stories just by checking their profile. Young teenagers spend a lot of time in browsing the network, particularly, the Facebook, as they find it the best form of communication mode. Social media is becoming popular, and even official communication is carried out on them as well as personal. Over usage of any media does have its impact, both positive and negative. So the effects of Facebook on youth can be divided into two parts:

1.      Positive effects of Facebook on youth

2.      Negative effects of Facebook on youth

Positive effects of Facebook on youth:

Improvements in moods: As one can communicate with far-off friends. By being in touch with friends, one feels good.

Shyness goes away: Many teenagers go through a phase when they do not want to interact with others. It is a proper forum for shy children to socialize

Permits one to develop self-identity: Facebook is a ground for face-to-face communication which improves self-identity.

Keeping in touch with family and friends: With instant messaging and even video chat, Facebook is the perfect environment to stay connected. Making new friends: Facebook makes meeting new people extremely easy because it allows you to add up to thousands of friends, and acts as a social melting pot of the internet. This can lead to a significant friendship down the road.

Expressing yourself: Facebook makes communicating yourself very simple with status updates. Between showing off your favorite song lyrics, to posting pictures of your new outfit, Facebook is the most common way that people express themselves.

Negative effects of Facebook on youth:

Isolation: One can suffer from loneliness as one will tend to be glued to the computer.

Putting on weight: One may put on weight also as one will sit in front of the computer for a long time and eat. Naturally, one will not have many exercises, and they will suffer from obesity

Abnormal symptoms: Surfing Facebook does show unusual symptoms among many teenagers such as depression, excessive aggression, abnormal anxiety or even normal anxiety.

Bad for the eyes: Too much exposure to the computer is terrible for the eyes.

Communication with strangers: On Facebook communication, it is possible that one might end up building up relationships with strangers, who can turn out to be criminals as well.

Lacks emotional connection: There is lack of emotional connectivity since one does not meet the other person. Feelings, when shared in person, have more impact than on Facebook. Promotes laziness: Sitting in front of the computer and browsing through Facebook can lead to laziness. It is a sheer waste of time

Causes distractions: Browsing Facebook does distract one’s mind from many other activities. Merely spending hours on Facebook and conversing via it is not healthy

Lack of body language communication: Body language conveys a lot. In Facebook browsing, there is nobody language communication as one does not interact with another person

Cyber-bullying: On Facebook, it is very easy for cyber bullies to thrive. They can harass or gang up on one person even easier than they could in a school environment.

Ruined relationships: Facebook is notorious for causing couples to break up. Let's face it, and no one wants to see their girlfriend/boyfriend telling other people that they look cute or liking their pictures, or instant messaging them constantly.

Distraction: At the end of the day you may have seen your cousin's new outfit or talked to your sister who is in college, but you still haven't accomplished anything in the hours that you were on. Critics of Facebook claim that it is a common distraction and even obsession that amounts to nothing except for significant amounts of time wasted.

Insecurity: Facebook is a cause for insecurities because it makes people compare themselves to others.

Stalker friendly: Facebook is a real stalker friendly website. Theoretically, someone that you don't even know can say that they go to your school, add you, and get all of your information. This may include your phone number, house address, and locations you visit frequently. Not to mention the fact that they will be able to go through all of your pictures and get to know you entirely without you ever knowing. This is a scary thought, but it is a real issue.

The negative educational impacts: Regularly checking Facebook during the study time had lower test grades. Perhaps this is similar to being a distracted driver.

It is but natural that Facebook can have a positive effect as well as negative effect. One must be careful of the negative impact of Facebook. But, for those that have not, it is time to wake up to the consequences that excessive use of Facebook should be avoided and should make a balance in using it.

References:

1.                  http://www.paggu.com/getting-into-roots/top-10-negative-effects-of-facebook-on-teens/ 

2.                  https://turbofuture.com/internet/The-Positive-and-Negative-Effects-of-Facebook

3.                  https://wehavekids.com/parenting/Teens-and-Facebook

                                                                       Dr. Hafiz M. Kashif Saleem, M.D. 

World War II

" War is a state of outfitted conflict between states or social orders. It is portrayed by over the top hostility, obliteration, and mortality, using general or sporadic military forces". The time between the first and second world wars was a period of insecurity. Coming to control in 1933, Hitler benefited from this monetary decay and the profound German hatred because of the castrating Treaty of Versailles, marked after the cease-fire of 1918. Italy's want to make the Third Rome pushed the country to nearer ties with Nazi Germany. In like manner, Japan, infuriated by their rejection in Paris in 1919, looked to make a Pan-Asian circle with Japan keeping in mind the end goal to create an independent state. Contending belief systems additionally fanned the blazes of global strain. Germany, Italy, and Japan consented to arrangements of shared help be that as it may, not at all like the Allied countries they would confront, they never built up a complete or composed arrangement of activity. The essential soldiers were the Axis countries of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Imperial Japan, and the Allied nations, Great Britain (and its Commonwealth countries), the Soviet Union, and the United States.

The war in Europe started in September 1939, when Germany, under Chancellor Adolf Hitler, attacked Poland. Later in the mid-year of 1940, Germany propelled a further assault on Britain, this time only from the air. The Battle of Britain was Germany's first military disappointment; as the German flying corps, the Luftwaffe was never ready to beat Britain's, Royal Air Force. As Hitler plotted his following stages, Italy, a partner of Germany, extended the war significantly encourage by attacking Greece and North Africa. The Greek battle was a disappointment, and Germany was compelled to provide to Italy's with some timely help in mid-1941. Later in 1941, Germany started its most aspiring activity yet, by attacking the Soviet Union. The Germans at first gained quick ground, however, in 1944, the Germans were gradually yet consistently constrained entirely out of the Soviet region. In June 1944, British and American powers propelled the D-Day attack, arriving in German-involved France utilizing the shoreline of Normandy. The Soviets were the first to achieve the German capital of Berlin, and Germany surrendered in May 1945, soon after the suicide of Adolf Hitler. The war in the Pacific started on December 7, 1941, when warplanes from Japan propelled an unexpected assault on the U.S. Naval force base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Pearl Harbor assault incited an assertion of war by the United States on Japan. In pre-summer of 1942, the United States and Japan occupied with a progression of maritime fights. Meanwhile, British and Indian powers were battling Japanese troops in Burma. By the pre-summer of 1945, the vast majority of Japan's successes had been freed, and Allied forces were surrounding the Japanese home islands. This procedure proceeded through the mid-year of 1945 until at last, toward the beginning of August, the United States dropped the two nuclear bombs on the urban areas of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

The bloodshed of World War II was phenomenal and conveyed the world nearest to the expression "add up to fighting." 27,000 individuals were killed every day between September 1, 1939, and September 2, 1945. The correct cost in human lives is obscure, yet losses in World War II may have totaled more than 60 million. At the end of the world War II, USA and USSR emerged as global superpowers and establishing of the United Nations.

                                                          

                                                                   Dr. Hafiz M. Kashif Saleem, M.D. 

Taxation System in Pakistan

After Pakistan came into being in 1947, Tax act 1922 executed in the whole country. A “Taxation Inquiry Committee" was presented in 1958 which was comprised of authorities and agents of exchange and business. The “Taxation Inquiry Committee “submitted a report after sharp analysis of winning tax assessment framework and proposed some recommendations. Some of the suggestions were suited and along these lines resulted in the change of Tax act 1922. Before 1959 super expense was forced on the wage of all persons, but it was abolished. In 1959 rates of every section were communicated as rates of pay considering the proposals of 'Taxation Inquiry Committee ' Tax Ordinance, 1979: To beat these troubles, the Income Tax Act, 1922, was supplanted by the Income Tax Ordinance, 1979 and was made victorious from first July 1979. Changes were realized each year through yearly Finance Acts. The Income Tax Ordinance, 1979 stayed in drive until 30th June 2002. Pay TAX ORDINANCE 2001: This Ordinance was upheld on the first of July 2002. The Income Tax Rules, 2002 are a necessary piece of the initial authorization.

Tax collection System: Government charges in Pakistan like the vast majority of the tax collection frameworks on the planet are arranged into two general classes, viz., immediate and roundabout expenses. A great portrayal concerning the idea of the organization of these assessments is clarified beneath:   

Coordinate Taxes: Coordinate estimates principally include wage charge, alongside additional part of riches impose. With the end goal of the cost of expense and the calculation of aggregate salary, all pay is grouped under the accompanying heads: pay rates, enthusiasm on securities, wage from the property, payment from business or callings, capital additions, fee from different sources.

Individual Tax: All people, unregistered firms, the relationship of people, and so on., are obligated to charge, at the rates rending from 10 to 35 for every penny.
Duty on Companies: Every single open organization (other than keeping money organizations) joined in Pakistan are surveyed for imposing at the corporate rate of 39%. Be that as it may, the viable price is probably going to vary because of stipends and exceptions identified with industry, area, sends out, and so on.

Traditions: Products imported and sent out from Pakistan are subject to rates of Customs obligations as recommended in Pakistan Customs Tariff. Traditions obligations as import obligations and fare obligations constitute around 37% of the aggregate expense receipts. 

Focal Excise: Focal Excise obligations are livable on a predetermined number of products created or made, and benefits gave or rendered in Pakistan. On a significant portion of the things, Central  Excise obligation is charged based on esteem or retail cost. All fares are exempted from Central Excise Duty.

Deals Tax: Deals Tax is imposed at different phases of financial activities at the rate of 15 for each penny on all merchandise imported into Pakistan, payable by the shippers. 

A significant portion of the tax assessment issues in Pakistan comes from the Federal Board of Revenue's (FBR) disappointment in successfully executing financial laws and guaranteeing consistency to tax assessment laws. The Tax-to-GDP proportion in Pakistan has remained the most minimal in the area and isn't adequate for efficient monetary development. The administration, discount/retail, transport, and the horticulture business parts are as yet not thoroughly reported. The essential objective of an income expert is to gather the assessments and obligations payable as per the law and to do this in such a way, to the point that will support trust in the duty framework and its organization.   

                                                                                 Dr. Hafiz M. Kashif Saleem, M.D.